This paper explores the use of the terms 'open kinetic chain' and 'closed kinetic chain' and the neuromuscular control implications of maintaining either the open or the closed chain. An understanding of the underlying biomechanical concept is crucial to correct interpretation of whether the kinetic chain is open or closed. However, a historical review of the origins of the terminology in mechanical and big-engineering literature reveals a variety of interpretations and thus proposals are made of ways in which the terminology might be standardised by the introduction of two new terms. Examples of identification of control strategies and deficiencies are given and the value of this knowledge in planning appropriate treatment strategies is discussed. Finally, current assessment tests and procedures are reviewed, discussing the issues of open and closed chains.
Butler P, Major RE. The Missing Link? Therapy issues of open and closed chains. Physiotherapy, 89; 8: 465-470.
Mr. R. E. Major, NGH Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne. Tel: +44 (0)191-233-6161.
Regional Medical Physics Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK.
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